The Japan Petroleum Institute (abbreviated JPI) was established in May 1958 as a corporate juridical person to strive for actions listed below under the auspices of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (formerly Ministry of International Trade and Industry).

1. To promote science and technology related to petroleum exploration and development, production, refining, including petrochemicals and other related areas.
2. To provide scientists, engineers and associates engaged in industrial, governmental and academic activities, in the above-mentioned areas, with opportunities for exchange of knowledge as well as mutual understanding among the personnel concerned.
3. To maintain close relations with other related institutes, associations and organizations in the fields such as natural resources, energy and environmental protection to promote technical activities for mutual benefits.
4. To exchange information with overseas institutes, associations having objectives similar to those of JPI and to carry out specific business including the preparation of scientific and technical programs for international conferences, etc.